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Chemistry

States of Matter and Changes of State: Understanding the Foundations of Chemistry

Matter is everywhere around us. The chair you are sitting on, the water in your glass, the air you are breathing, and even the glowing screen in front of you—all of these are made of matter. But matter does not always appear in the same form. Depending on conditions such as temperature and pressure, matter […]

Chemistry

Energy in Chemistry: The Driving Force Behind Reactions

If chemistry is the science of matter and how it transforms, then energy is the hidden current that drives those transformations forward. Without energy changes, there would be no chemical reactions—no burning fires, no photosynthesis, no respiration, and, in fact, no life. Think about striking a match. A small flick creates a burst of light […]

Chemistry

Chemical Reactions: Transformations at the Heart of Chemistry

If chemistry is the study of matter, then chemical reactions are the events that bring matter to life. They are the invisible but powerful processes that transform one set of substances into entirely new ones, with properties that may be dramatically different from what we started with. When iron rusts, when wood burns, or when […]

Chemistry

The Glue of the Universe: Understanding Chemical Bonds

Every object around you—your phone, the chair you’re sitting on, even the air you breathe—owes its very existence to a fascinating force at the heart of chemistry: chemical bonding. These invisible interactions between atoms are what hold matter together, giving rise to everything from the most ordinary salt crystals to the most complex proteins in […]